Five Fluencies

These are the 5 fluencies involved in being a digital citizen.

9 Elements

•  Digital Access: This is the full participation in society. Society needs to realise that not everyone has the same amount of opportunities to gain access when it comes to technology. Ensuring that everyone has equal rights with regards to digital and electronic access is the starting point of Digital Citizenship.
•  Digital Commerce:This is the electronic buying and selling of products.
•  Digital Communication:This is the exchange of information electronically.
•  Digital Literacy:This is the process of learning about technology and how to use it.
•  Digital Etiquette: This is the standards of electronic conduct or procedure.
•  Digital Law: This is the responsibility for actions and deeds performed electronically.
•  Digital Rights and Responsibilities:These are known as the freedom that is extended to everyone in the digital world.
•  Digital Health and Wellness:This is the psychological and physical well-being of the digital world. 
• Digital Security: This is the electronic precautions to guarantee safety online.

Reference Page

This page is where I show all the Links to the information I have been blogging about.

Animal Planet. 2013. [Online]. Available at: http://www.animalplanet.com/tv-shows/mermaids/ [Accessed May 2015].

Twitter. 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://twitter.com/hashtag/mermaids [Accessed May 2015].

Ross, ST. 2011. Albion. [Online]. Available at: http://www.albion.com/netiquette/corerules.html [Accessed May 2015].

Rideout, R. 2006. Blogger. [Online]. Available at: http://netiquetteisimportant.blogspot.com/2006/11/bad-netiquette-has-consequences.html [Accessed May 2015].

SAHRC. nd. [Online]. Available at: http://www.sahrc.org.za/home/21/files/Reports/My%20rights%20...%20Eng%20booklet.pdf [Accessed May 2015].

Google Sites. nd. [Online]. Available at: https://sites.google.com/site/digitalcitizenshipdferris/digital-rights-and-responsibilities [Accessed May 2015].

Acorn. nd. [Online]. Available at: http://www.acorn.gov.au/what-is-cybercrime/ [Accessed May 2015].

Google Images. nd. [Online]. Available at: https://www.oyunfor.com/dosyalar/images/Clash%20of%20clans/1194881812-Clash_of_clans_22.png [Accessed May 2015].

Norton. nd. [Online]. Available at: http://za.norton.com/cybercrime-prevention [Accessed May 2015].

History of Ecommerce. 2004. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ecommerce-land.com/history_ecommerce.html [Accessed May 2015]

OCT. nd. [Online]. Available at: https://www.otc.edu/Documents_Academic_Integrity/Avoiding_plagiarism.pdf [Accessed May 2015]

Bailey, J., 2010. Plaigiarism Today. [Online] Available at: https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2010/01/12/how-to-correctly-use-creative-commons-works/ [Accessed May 2015].

Fielding, M. & du Plooy-Cilliers, F., 2014. In H. Thorne, ed. Effective Business Communication In Organisation. 4th ed. Claremont, South Africa: Juta & Company Ltd.

The Independent Institution of Education, 2015. Digital Citizenship Module Manual. 1st ed.

Digital Citizenship and Digital Access

In this unit we were asked to research the following:

Physical Access in Digital Divide is the challenge of being able to physically access the technical universe be it the Internet or just simply a computer.

Cognitive Access in Digital Divide is lacking the skill needed to be able to work on these technical machines regardless if one has the physical access. 

these are the two dimensions that Digital Divide is divided into.

The 9 Elements:

following will be the 9 different elements that one finds in Digital Citizenship and their relevance to a) social capital, b) knowledge capital and c) human capital. 

1. Digital Access - This is the full participation in society. this in relation to Social Capital is the ability to connect to people around the world with the use of social media. In relation to Knowledge Capital it is the ability to access the Internet to gain knowledge and for educational reasons. In relation to Human Capital it is the ability to gain access to business websites.
2. Digital Commerce - This is the electronic buying and selling of products. This in relation to Social Capital is the ability to trade products and even services on line via the use of social media. In relation to Knowledge Capital it is the ability to buy books and stationery on line to to of assistance to a learner for educational reasons. In relation to Human Capital the access to a business website to be able to buy their products.
3.  Digital Communication - This is the exchange of information electronically. This in relation to Social Capital is the ability to share information on line via social media. In relation to Knowledge Capital is the ability to gain information to do research for projects and assignments for school, university and college. In relation to Human Capital this is the ability to gain information about a product on line or even for the business to gain information about their customers.
4. Digital Literacy  - This is the process of learning about technology and how to use it. This in relation to Social Capital is the ability to connect with others who can teach you about how to use technology. In relation to Knowledge Capital the ability to interact on line to learn about technology. In relation to Human Capital the ability to post video tutorials on line to help people use their products and thus educate them on how to use technology.
5. Digital Etiquette - This is the standards of electronic conduct or procedure. This in relation to Social Capital is teaching people how to use social media in a proper manner. In relation to Knowledge Capital is teaching students and even adults how to use not only social media but all forms of digital communications to remain in a proper manner. In relation to Human Capital is to ensure that there is a set standard of communication within the workplace when it comes to digital communication. 
6. Digital Law - This is the responsibility for actions and deeds performed electronically. This in relation to Social Capital is knowing that all actions on social media can be held against you if it crosses legal boundaries. In relation to Knowledge Capital is teaching people to reference work when they do assignments and other forms of research. In relation to Human Capital is the legal rights that a business has and has to adhere to when going digital.
7. Digital Rights and Responsibilities - These are known as the freedom that is extended to everyone in the digital world. This in relation to Social Capital is knowing your rights and also the responsibilities that go with these rights when using social media. In relation to Knowledge Capital it is to stay educated about ones rights and responsibilities along with being taught the difference between right and wrong. In relation to Human Capital it is the businesses rights and responsibilities regarding their digital footprint and what they do on line.
8. Digital Health and Wellness - This is the psychological and physical well-being of the digital world. This in relation to Social Capital is having restrictions on line to prevent youngsters from gaining access to things that can effect their psychological well-being along with watching what you say, post and even share on line and between private conversations as it can all somehow come right back around and haunt you. In relation to Knowledge Capital is to teach others what is right and wrong on line and how to respect themselves enough to not do something they may later regret. In relation to Human Capital is the businesses responsibility to not do things that can effect someones well-being on line. 
9. Digital Security - This is the electronic precautions to guarantee safety on line. This in relation to Social Capital is to keep all private information to yourself on line. to not share anything that can cause you legal or other problems later along the line. In relation to Knowledge Capital is to teach kids from a young age what may and may not be shared on line in order to protect them from being stalked or worse. in relation to Human Capital is the businesses responsibility to not share their customers private information.

it is important to know what Data, Information and Knowledge is when looking at the above mentioned elements.

Data: defined as a collection of information.

Information: defined as processed data.

Knowledge: defined as a compilation of information acquired through education and experience.

Digital Literacy and Information Fluency

In this section we are required to look at the website based on mermaids by Animal Planet and analyse it accordingly. 

The purpose of the site and series was to inform the world about the discovery of mermaids, this was started by some 'raw' footage that was posted by people who discovered them, the footage ranged from spotting them in the distance to the discovery of a body. this caused a whole epidemic to form and being able to tell the difference between what was real and what was fake became paper thin. 

Animal Planet got people to engage in this by getting them to use the hash tag '#mermaids' to reveal all the 'never seen before' footage. they started to air a TV series based on this in two different shows, the one was "Mermaids the body found" and "Mermaids New Evidence". they got people to release interviews to help prove that this whole series was real. 

The public responded by tweeting about it using the hash tag. Animal Planet got a large reaction as people have always been willing to believe that mermaids are real. People started to tell stories of their own and starting posting pictures upon pictures of themselves as mermaids. all this to help the trend spread. 

Scientists started to reveal facts about how ancient beings such as vikings and the old Chinese folklore etc. who spoke about mermaids, they also started to mention sailors who spotted or described these beings and wrote it down in a log book. more facts proved that they were real that those that proved they were not. 

In my opinion the whole trend was a success when it started, which was in the period from 2012 - 2013.. however it has not died down. People do however still tend to use the hash tag but as far as the series it is now just a soft thought in the back of peoples minds. Thus the success was only back these and now there isn't much left of it. 

Digital Communication

In this section we had to look at the game Clash of Clans. Which is a game that in played on any android device. in this game you have to build a clan, or join one and battle other clans to win gold and a pink liquid called the elixir. 
The logistics of the game is to join a clan and gain trophies. Remember this is a strategic game that gets a number of players to battle against one another. The game's core function is to be a multiplayer game however you can play it in single player ode if you choose. 
Now each player or user will build their unbeatable empire in the hopes of it not being attacked for the gold and pink liquid. You will need to upgrade your game and advance in intelligence however in order to do so you will need to either buy credit which actually costs money or you can generate gold and pink liquid throughout the game, which will take longer.

Digital Etiquette

Digital Code of Conduct

there are 10 very important little rules or codes that one must know when it comes to 'Netiquette', these rules were found by someone called Virginia Shea in 1994. they are as follows:

1. Remember the Human: meaning that the person reading your form of communication is human thus they have feelings. Therefore do not say things that you would never say to their face.
2. Adhere to the same standards to behaviour on line that you follow in real life: simple.. breaking the law is bad.
3. Know where you are in cyberspace: have the needed respect for the different places that you are on line, between friends and strangers.
4. Respect other people's time and bandwidth: make sure you read FAQ's before asking questions that have already been asked and if you disagree with something someone said rather stay away and don't waste your and their time by starting an argument.
5. Make yourself look good on line: Check your spelling and grammar. We are all human, we all make mistakes, check yourself. 
6. Share expert knowledge: help others where you can.
7. Help keep flame wars under control: avoid flame-bait posts, do not correct others grammar of spelling and apologies if you have done so as to avoid conflict.
8. Respect other people's privacy: don't give out other peoples private information, regardless if it is on line or offline.
9. Don't abuse your power: 'with great power comes great responsablility'.
10. Be forgiving of other people's mistakes: we were all once new, that doesn't make others stupid because they made mistakes while they were new, help lead them in the right direction.

We need to remember that everything in life has consequences, and thus bad netiquette also has consequences. The can be something as small as embarrassing on line moments and also as big as legal issues for harassment. the cyberspace is big and often unforgiving. Please check yourself and be mindful of others. 
In businesses we can check ourselves and our employees to make sure that everyone adheres to these 10 simple rules by constantly reminding everyone what is right and what is wrong.

Digital Rights and Responsibilities

In this section I will be referring to the IIE http://www.varsitycollege.co.za/ and giving them guidelines to which they should adhere regarding students. 

Basic rights and responsibilities of students: 

• Equality
• Human dignity
• Life
• Freedom and security of a person
• Privacy
• Freedom of expression
• Education
• Language and culture
• Culture, relation, belief.

Digital Rights:

• Right to freedom of expression
• Right to privacy
• Right to credit for personal works
• Right to digital access
• Right to our identity 

Digital Responsibilities:

• Responsibility to report bullying, harassing, sexting, or identity theft
• Responsibility to cite works used for resources and researching
• Responsibility to download music, videos, and other material legally
• Responsibility to model and teach student expectations of technology use
• Responsibility to keep data/information safe from hackers
• Responsibility not to falsify our identity in any way

Penalty guidelines for non-compliance: the biggest penalty is that the law will get involved, rather do it right from the beginning and don't go off the rails.

Digital Security

In this section we are going to look at cyber-crime.

Cyber-crime is something that is very big nowadays due to the number of different social media along with how hackers are very cleaver and able to gain access to almost anything. there are a number of different cyber-crimes and i will be talking about a few of them.

Different types of cyber-crimes involve:

• Attacks on computer systems
• Cyber-bullying
• Email spam and phishing
• Identity theft
• Prohibited Offensive and Illegal Content
• Online child sexual abuse material
• Online scams or fraud
• Online trading issues

Often people who are found guilty of cyber-crimes do it because it is actually a lot easier and you can often cover your tracks if you know what you are doing. Your chances of getting away are easier and getting evidence to prove that you did the crime is like finding a needle in a haystack. However this does not make it anymore wrong.

Ways to prevent these types of crime from happening is to bump up security, do not make easy passwords, do not give out any of your personal information to anyone especially if there is no reason for them to ask (eg. you have not spoken or had any problems with the place, like a bank, thus them asking for your information over the phone or via email is not acceptable. They generally don't do this anyway), always be extra safe and know what is happening regarding your banking or anything else than ignore something and you end up losing millions. Be mindful of spams via emails, online banking and even social media. If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. With regards to bullying, talk to someone, if you need to prevent it talk to someone before it gets too bad, they might be able to help stop it before it even starts. 

Digital Security - Health and Well-being

If we had to put this section into categories we would split it into the Physical Issues and the Psychological Issues.

Physical Issues:

These are issues that arise from an overuse of technology and the Internet, they are as follows:

• Ergonomics: This is the science of designing environments and products to match individuals who use them. Studies have shown that sitting for long periods can increase the chances of developing some serious diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer and obesity. 
• Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI): This is a physical syndrome that develops over time after an action has been done repeatedly and thus damages or forms a particular muscle group. some forms of RSI include Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tennis Elbow, Trigger Finger, Tendinitis and Blackberry Thumb. 
• Eye Strain: This is known as the most annoying syndrome as it affecting one key area, the eye. Two of the types of eyestrain that you can get are Computer Vision Syndrome and Digital Eye Strain.
• Obesity: This is a syndrome that is not only caused by what you eat, but also by the lack of physical activity. Thus sitting behind a desk for long durations is bad.

Psychological Issues:

These are issues that are harder to pick up. They are often misdiagnosed and hardly ever understood and sometimes they could lead to physical issues. They are as follows:

• Addiction: Ever catch yourself checking your phone every 5 seconds? Yeah you have an acute addiction to your phone. Often it is not seen that way but most youngsters nowadays are constantly either on their phone or on the computer. This can sometimes even be as bad as an alcohol addiction, depending on how badly the person relies on the phone or device.
• Online Disinhibition Effect: This one is all bout behaviour online. This is where people often are braver online as they do not have to actually face the person. Thus their personality is often a lot different and sometimes disrespectful. 
• Cyber Bullying: This is part of the above mentioned syndrome. This is where someone uses the world wide web to bully someone. It is not only bad for the person being bullied but for the person doing the bullying too.
• Cyber Stalking: Just as bad as bullying. This is where someone uses the world wide web to stalk someone and it often gets so bad that it becomes harassment. 

Digital Commerce

Ecimmerce:

At first, ecommerce was defined as the process of doing transactions electronically with the help of the leading technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) which gave the world an opportunity for its users to exchange information and do electronic transactions.

Importance of being informed:

The Importance of being informed about things such as Netiquette and your Rights and Responsibilities online helps to prevent major legal issues from stinging out, along with helping yourself know how to avoid conflict online.

Plagiarism Guidelines:

Documentation IS required:

• Use of summaries, paraphrases or direct quotations from a source
• Use of diagrams, illustrations, charts or pictures
• Mentioning little-known facts
• Other people’s opinions
• The use of other people’s research (opinion polls, case studies, statistics)
• Use of quotations or paraphrases from people you interview or from other peoples interviews

Documentation is NOT required:

• Use of common knowledge 
• Your own ideas, opinions or conclusions
• Your own research (surveys or observations)